The Significance of the Earth in The Good Earth :: The Good Earth

  The Significance of the Earth in The Good Earth         And O-lan in the house was not idle. With her own hands she lashed the mats to the rafters and took earth from the fields and mixed it with water and mended the walls of the house, and she built again the oven and filled the holes in the floor that the rain had washed. in that respect can be no doubt that the symbol of earth in Bucks novel, The Good Earth, is one so potent that it permeates and binds the entire tale. It is presented repeatedly throughout the novel, either through gentle allusion or outright statement. None can dispute that the earth itself is a vital component in the livelihood of any farmer, consequently it is not surprising that the farmer Wang Lung places so much value into his lands however, there is a separate element of the earth that Pearl S. Buck brings forth in her tale about a farmers prosperous rise in feudal China, that element of regeneration and revitalization that is so apparent within this selected passage from the book.   many another(prenominal) times throughout the book did the earth pull Wang Lung through hardship and difficulty, and it was the one constant factor in his life, even as things changed--people dies, great houses fell, contend and famine raged, and inner turmoil plagued his very being. Throughout all of these obstacles the earth was always there, waiting for Wang Lung--whether as poor farmer or as blotto man of the village--to return to it, and draw from it those ever-present qualities of life and healing. The very words of the selected passage are pregnant with these qualities, as Wang Lung and his family, returning from the south to his land after a great and terrible period of famine, close those horrible years through the almost magical substance of the earth. It is symbolic how O-lan the wife, tending to the structure of the cultivated land house (a symbol itself in the Wang family) uses the earth from the fields to mend the walls of the house--thus the ailments of the house are healed by the richness of the land.

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society :: Essays Papers

The Persian Gulf War A view through the themes of individual and society The Persian Gulf War began in 1990 when Iraqi forces invaded the border of capital of capital of Kuwait. The United States led a compression of forces between other countries eventually ending the war in 1991.1 The Persian Gulf War do many people of different backgrounds suffer by starvation, malnutrition and disease. The Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, was the main(prenominal) cause for this suffering. Problems between Iraq and Kuwait started when Kuwait gained their independence and gained protection from British. Iraq did non want to recognize Kuwait as a separate country because Iraq believed that Kuwait was in their territory. Iraq and Kuwait were both part of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, and Iraq thought Kuwait was still a province from the South of Iraq.2 Oil became the main problem that led to war. Iraqi leaders blamed Kuwait for pumping oil from Iraqi territory, and for non paying revenues for the oil taken out. Since Iraq had debts with Kuwait, Iraq then started harassing Kuwait. Another accusation Iraq placed on Kuwait was that Kuwait was pumping too more than oil. According to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), there is a limit of oil extraction on every country.3 All of these complaints led then to war. Kuwait did not want any confrontation and Iraq was not there to take any land away but to intimidate Kuwait. Talks between them did not help and invasion took place in August 2, 1990, when Iraq started mobilizing towards adjoining borders.4 On February 26, 1991 the war was, if not in its end, but to close to the defeat of the Iraqis by the coalition led powerfully by the United States. Public communication mainly by radio in Iraq told the contrary but not even its feature people could belief victory but they all accepted defeat. Statistics showed that 148 Americans were dead, and 467 wounded. Many of these d eaths or injuries were result of friendly fire. According to New York Times of September 1990, 200,000 Iraqis died.5 The main task for the world and the coalition was to stop Saddam Hussein, Iraqs Mandatary.

Social Class in the Classroom Essay -- Sociology, Lower, Middle and Up

Social var. has a large effect on the lifestyles of solely Americans. But what does it really mean to be a part of the lower, diaphragm or upper class? These divisions of fond class ar defined by aspects such as family income and lifestyle however, education plays a large role in determining ones social class. That does not mean that it will gibe triumph in ones life but to interpret, many people with a further education usually have a higher income as well. Those of the upper class have higher standards for education and career aspirations in contrast to those of the lower and middle class. Besides the differentiation of aspirations of the individuals of each social class, it is also used to lay out who will go to college, depending on who can afford it or have no other priorities that can get in the way. There are some 20 percent of Americans in the lower class (Long, Social Class Stratification, 18). In contrast with these 20% of Americans a long with the other 80% are a lot of differences when it comes to learning in the classroom. According to Lee Warren of Harvard University, In many parts of the country, class differences are sharply defined by accent people talk like the neighborhood they came from(Class in the Classroom, 2) where as someone from a more run-down neighborhood might have a less sophisticated vocabulary, just because they do not speak that way on a daily basis. However, that is all stereotypical. People wrongly anticipate the fellowship or potential of specific classes of children and as a result children from high-class families are sometimes viewed as being more intelligent than those from lower social classes (Social Class-Effects 1), which is not right at all. The amount of mo... ...tudents in high-poverty schools. Indeed, low-income students given a chance to attend more-affluent schools performed more than half a year better, on average, than middle income students who attend high-poverty schools (Kahlenberg, Middle Clas s Schools for All 2). From this data, it is clear to see that the type of school is what matters most, not income. Ones social income class should not be used to determine their intelligence, but to only advertise their yearly salary. Social class is a determinant used to define where a family stands in terms of salary and socioeconomic status. However, it is used to determine what will be offered to the family, for example, the type of school that each child will attend. But what it does not determine is the success of that students education attainment. Money can buy a college education yet, it will not buy literacy.

The Constitution :: American America History

The ConstitutionA case for the connection of Americas colonial and revolutionary spiritual and governmental experiences to the basic principles of the Constitution can be readily made. One point in favor of this conclusion is the fact that most Americans at that time had humble beside their experiences on which to base their political ideas. This is due to the lack of advanced schooling among common Americans at that time. Other points also concur with the main idea and obligate the theory of the connection plausible.Much evidence to support this claim can be found in the wording of the Constitution itself. Even the Preamble has an essential idea that arose from the Revolutionary period. The first line of the Preamble states, We the People of the United States... . This implies that the new government that was being formed derived its sovereignty from the people, which would serve to prevent it from adequate corrupt and disinterested in the people, as the framers believed Brita ins government had become. If the Bill of Rights is considered, more supporting ideas become evident. The First Amendments guarantee of religious freedom could have been influenced by the colonial tradition of relative religious freedom. This tradition was clear even in the early colonies, like Plymouth, which was formed by puritan dissenters from England seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams, the proprietor of Rhode Island, probably made an even larger contribution to this tradition by advocating and allowing complete religious freedom. William Penn also contributed to this idea in Pennsylvania, where the Quakers were tolerant of opposite denominations. In addition to the tradition of religious tolerance in the colonies, there was a tradition of self-government and popular involvement in government. Nearly any colony had a government with take representatives in a legislature, which usually made laws largely without interference from Parliament or the king. Jamestown, the e arliest of the colonies, had an assembly, the House of Burgesses, which was elected by the property owners of the colony. Maryland developed a system of government much like Britains, with a representative assembly, the House of Delegates, and the governor sharing power. The Puritan colony in Massachusetts originally had a government similar to a corporate board of directors with the first eight stockholders, called freemen holding power. Later, the definition of freemen grew to allow in all male citizens, and the people were given a strong voice in their own government.

Happiness: A Review and Critical Evaluation of Culture and Well-Being E

Ethnic Identity and Well-BeingSummary. The purpose of this research is to attain a kick downstairs understanding of the potentially protective do of ethnic identity by observing the daily stressful demands of Chinese and Mexican adolescents through with(predicate) a daily diary study (Kiang, Yip, Gonzales-Backen, Witkow, &Fuligni, 2006). The researchers hypothesize that ethnic identity will protect against the negative effect of normative stressors (Kiang et al., 2006). Happiness was measured by factors that maximize quality of life and minimize anxiety through the analysis of ethnic regard, ethnic centrality and the interaction of the two and their affect on sound-being (Kiang et al., 2006). The study focused on ethnic identity, self-esteem, stressful demands and daily well being using various scales and a daily diary checklist. The 2 week study consisted of 415 participants of Mexican and Chinese background in the 9th grade from the Los Angeles metropolitan area recruite d from 3 high schools (Kiang et al., 2006). Ethnic identity was found to play a role in shaping who we are by increasing bliss and reducing anxiety in students with higher ethnic regard (Kiang et al., 2006). These results indicate a direct psychological benefit from holding positive perceptions of ones ethnicity (Kiang et al., 2006). Evaluation. Consumption and HappinessSummary. The author proposes a theory based on previously tested research hypotheses on the relationship between consumption and discriminating well-being (SWB) on national and international levels (Ahuvia, 2002). Ahuvia (2002) proposes that SWB is increased by higher standards of living which create a cultural environment where people maximize their personalised happiness by minimizing their social ob... ...adapt into mens rolls, while men stay true to theirs. A study of such immense proportions and complexity has practically room for error and thus room for improvement. The researchers should take into account various age groups and participants who are not on college campuses as they are not invariably a reflection of the society as a whole. Also, in addition to a questionnaire, a peer-review about the participant would be useful in fellowship to more accurately obtain a holistic depiction the participant especially in cultures where pride is enhanced or suppressed. Future research in this area should be promising as women stepping out of homes and into the workforce is more common now than ever. The implications of these actions on the future of our society and its well-being could be better understood through study of the emotional affect of gender roles and culture.

Happiness: A Review and Critical Evaluation of Culture and Well-Being E

Ethnic Identity and Well-BeingSummary. The purpose of this research is to achieve a better understanding of the potentially protective effects of ethnic identity by observing the daily stressful demands of Chinese and Mexican adolescents through a daily diary subscribe to (Kiang, Yip, Gonzales-Backen, Witkow, &Fuligni, 2006). The researchers hypothesize that ethnic identity will protect against the negative effect of normative stressors (Kiang et al., 2006). Happiness was measured by factors that maximize quality of life and minimize anxiety through the analysis of ethnic regard, ethnic centrality and the interaction of the two and their affect on well-being (Kiang et al., 2006). The matter focused on ethnic identity, self-esteem, stressful demands and daily well being using various scales and a daily diary checklist. The 2 week study consisted of 415 participants of Mexican and Chinese background in the 9th grade from the Los Angeles metropolitan ara recruited from 3 high schools (Kiang et al., 2006). Ethnic identity was found to play a character in shaping who we are by increasing happiness and reducing anxiety in students with higher ethnic regard (Kiang et al., 2006). These results indicate a film psychological benefit from holding positive perceptions of ones ethnicity (Kiang et al., 2006). Evaluation. Consumption and HappinessSummary. The author proposes a theory based on previously well-tried research hypotheses on the relationship between consumption and selective well-being (SWB) on national and international levels (Ahuvia, 2002). Ahuvia (2002) proposes that SWB is increased by higher standards of living which build a cultural environment where people maximize their personal happiness by minimizing their social ob... ...adapt into mens rolls, while men stay adjust to theirs. A study of such immense proportions and complexity has much room for error and thus room for improvement. The researchers should take into account various age groups and participants who are not on college campuses as they are not always a reflection of the society as a whole. Also, in addition to a questionnaire, a peer-review about the participant would be useful in order to more accurately obtain a holistic depiction the participant especially in cultures where pride is enhanced or suppressed. Future research in this area should be promising as women stepping out of homes and into the workforce is more common directly than ever. The implications of these actions on the future of our society and its well-being could be better understood through study of the emotional affect of gender roles and culture.

Saving Ourselves – Shark Hunting

Two-thirds of worlds surface is water, and over 80% of spiritedness on Earth lives in the ocean. Ocean plays a main role in regulating climate and feeding much of the planet. But in past a hundred geezerhood nation were destroying the balance in the ocean and the ecosystem. One of the major activities is illegal shark poaching. Every year 30 to 70 million sharks are killed to support a growing worldwide trade in their fins and other products. Now, more than collar hundred species of sharks are endangered.Shark-finning became a win industry due to the increasing demand for shark-fin soup in Asia. One pound of fin is worth more than $200US and the shark-fin industry is a billion-dollar juggernaut. (Sharkwater) The shark-fin soup had been close to for centuries, but only in the last two decades that it boomed in popularity. It is a symbol of wealth, and served as a sign of respect. Sharks-fins soup is a delicacy in Asia, which is utterly ludicrous given that the fins themselves a re tasteless and merely add texture. Yong) And people believe that sharks dont get sick as considerably as other animals do. They also think they have magical power to heal and people can be stronger from eating shark-fins soup. The cartilage is also creation sold as a cancer or arthritis treatment however, here is no scientific backing to this at all. Over 90% of the shark creation in the world is gone now, and soon there wont be any left, if people keep killing sharks. (Sharkwater) Every day people is just talking about saving pandas, elephants and bears, but here is no any international regulations to protect sharks.Why? It is because weve been told in our whole flavor, since were a kid, sharks are dangerous. Were warned if we swim too far into the ocean. Most information of sharks that people hear about is from media. For instance, afraid of white shark is based on the movie Jaws, and the misconception is still floating around. However, the fact is sharks do not eat people, and they rarely bite human beings and hardly have really serious bites. Although in the odd case where someone dies, its usually because of the loss of blood, not because the shark ate the person. Sharkwater) Sharks kill 5 people each year, elephants kill 100. yet more people die from soda pop machines than sharks do. There is nothing deal what were told. There is nothing like what we think. There is nothing like what we believe. One animal that we fear the most is the one we cant live without. (Sharkwater) Theyve been here for more than 400 million years, 150 million years before the dinosaurs, when life had just begun on land. Sharks control the population below them, eliminating species that were easy prey and creating new ones.They are perfect predators that keep balance in the underwater world. The top predators are fundamental in controlling the structure and the functioning of the ecosystems. As we know, carbon dioxide is the global-warming gas and plankton converts it to o xygen, providing 70% of the oxygen we breathe on land. Without sharks to prey the animals at bottom of the nutrition chain, they could grow out of control consuming the plankton that we depend on for survival. (Sharkwater) Life on land depends on life in the ocean, so do us.One the big reason shark poaching continues to go on is because we dont see it. Because we dont see people are poaching sharks, cutting off their fins and throwing them back into the ocean without fins they cant breathe, then die. Because we dont see the putridness between the government and sharks-fin Mafia, hundreds of millions shark-fins were dried on the roof without any restrictions. Because we dont see every day the shark population is declining, more than three hundred species of sharks face misfortune. We dont like spiders and snakes but puppy and seals.Once we see sharks in a different light, we can change our mind. cave in illegal shark poaching and promulgated regulations is not only saving the shar ks but saving ourselves as well. Were not the god, we cant fix the world. What we can do now is to call everyone to stop eating shark-fins, to against the illegal shark poaching, and to save the planet from ourselves and our future. Work Citied Sharkwater. Dir. Rob Stewart. 2006, Film. Yong, Ed. Shark-hunting harms animals at bottom of the food chain. wordpress. com (2007) n. pag. Web. 14 Feb 2011. .

Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Anna-Lou “Annie” Leibovitz Essay

Thomas Wedgwood was the first man to think of and develop a method to copy visible images chemically to permanent media and Joseph Nipce was one of the inventors of chargey, he developed the heliography, a technique used to produce the worlds first known photograph in 1825. Among Nieces opposite inventions was the Pyrolophore, the worlds first internal combustion engine, which he conceived, created, and developed with his older brother Claude. This is how photography came about and how it is today. In this essay Ill be taking about Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz and how they became photographers, in any case the similarities and differences between the three most famous 20th century photographers.Henri Cartier-Bresson born 22 August 1908, in Chanteloup, France and died 3 August 2004, in Montjusine, France. Cartier-Bresson was a lead up in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. As he w as one of the study photographers in the 20th century, he covered all sorts of things from the Spanish Civil War to the French uprisings in 1968. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form.Cartier-Bressons photographs are portrayings of mint and what was going on in the world. These are two(prenominal) quotes of his about photography In photography, the smallest thing can be a great subject. The little, human detail can be lie with a Leitmotiv. Photography is an immediate reaction, drawing is a meditation. To sham photographs means to recognize simultaneously and within a fraction of a second both the fact itself and the rigorous organization of visually perceived forms that perish it meaning. It is putting ones head, ones eye and ones heart on the like axis. The photograph itself doesnt interest me. I want only to capture a minute part of reality.Diane Arbus born 14 March 1923, in revolutionary York City, USA and died 26 July 1971, in Greenwich Village, New York City, USA. Arbus learn photography from her husband (married 1941 then divorced 1969 and had 2 kids) Allan Arbus. She was one of the most unique photographers in the 20th century and she was known for her unnatural portraits and unconventional subjects. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Arbus photographs are the same as Henri Cartier-Bresson, portraits of race and what was going on in the world.These are some interesting quotes of hers A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more than it tells you the less you know. I really believe there are things nobody would see if I didnt photograph them. The world can only be grasped by action, non by contemplation. The hand is the cutting edge of the mind. There are an awful lot of people in the world and its going to be terribly hard to photograph all of them It was my teacher Lisette Model who finally made it clear to me that the more specific you are, the more general it will be.Anna-Lou Annie Leibovitz born 2 October 1949, in Waterbury, Connecticut, USA. Leibovitz is a third-generation American whose great-grandparents were Jewish immigrants, from Central and Eastern Europe. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. For several years, she continued to develop her photography skills while working various jobs. Leibovitzs photographs are re pulls of Disney movies and are very unique.These are some of her quotes that are about anything and everything I admired the work of photographers like Beaton, Penn, and Avedon as much as I respected the grittier photographers such as Robert Frank. But in the same way that I had to find my own way of reportage, I had to find my own form of glamour. Natu re is so powerful, so strong. Capturing its essence is not easy your work becomes a dance with light and the weather. It takes you to a place within yourself. Im more interested in being life-threatening than being famous.I sometimes find the surface interesting. To say that the mark of a good portrait is whether you take out them or get the soul I dont think this is possible all of the time.Both Henri Cartier-Bresson and Diane Arbus took photographs of people and everyday life showing what was going on in the world, they both also toke photographs of street photography. While Annie Leibovitz was and still is taking portraits of people in a very wild, crazy and unique way as she photographs her very own remakes of Disney movies. Henri Cartier-Bresson would go around the world doing street photography and thats why in all his photographs there are different emotions and his not just trying to get the same thing all the time because every second something changes in an instant.All of Henri Cartier-Bressons photographs (also Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz photographs) were in black and white as they didnt still have photographs in colour yet and they look so much better in black and white any way, as shown in this portrait of Marilyn Monroe (photograph after the conclusion) in Reno, Nevada, USA in the year of 1961, (17 x 11 in.) this is such a beautiful photograph of Marilyn as she was an extremely pretty woman. Cartier-Bressons photography are intended for ages from 10 years of age and over. Diane Arbus was known for her unnatural portraits and offbeat subjects. She often shot with a Rolleiflex medium format twin-lens reflex(prenominal) that provided a square aspect ratio and a waist-level viewfinder (both the Rolleiflex med format twin-lens reflex and the waist-level viewfinder are a type of camera). Arbus can connect with her subjects in ways that did not involve the standard eye-level viewfinder.In some of Arbus photographs where there are two people , those two people are wearing almost the same thing even if they are of different gender, one of those photographs is the Identical Twins taken in 1967 in Roselle, New Jersey, USA. The two young girls were twin sisters, Cathleen and Colleen Wade, they were both in matching outfits and look very cute (photograph after the conclusion). Arbus photography are intended for ages from 10-14 and over as there are some bareness in some of the photographs. Annie Leibovitz is an outstanding and wonderful photographer as her Disney photographs are really cool and amazing plus to use celebrities instead of models is going to make those photographs more likeable, even though most people love Disney as they all grew up with Disney movies and stories.One of my favorite Disney movies of all time would have to be Beauty and the Beast because the Beautys name was Belle and it was close to my name plus the Beast kinda looked like a big cat and I love cats so the photograph that Im going to do for Ann ie Leibovitz is the Beauty and the Beast with Drew Barrymore as Belle and a real lion for the Beast. This photograph was taken in 2005 and featured in Vogue magazine with the rest of the other Disney photographs. Leibovitzs photograph is the best one of as it reminds me of my childhood and how I used to watch Beauty and the Beast all the time and still do to this very day (photograph after the conclusion). Leibovitzs photography is intended from ages 5 and over especially the Disney Dream Portrait series.In conclusion, Henri Cartier-Bresson would travel around the world doing street photography and taking portraits of famous people/celebrities. Cartier-Bresson was a pioneer in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Diane Arbus liked to photograph unnatural and offbeat s ubjects and if there were two people they were wearing almost the same thing.Arbus learn photography from her husband, Allan Arbus. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Last but not least Annie Leibovitz took photographs of Disney movies and made them come to life instead of being a cartoon or animation and has a very unique and fun way to make photography more and more interesting for younger people. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. In all my new favorite photographer is Annie Leibovitz as she made my favorite Disney movie come to life and helped me think of a new way to stockpile myself while taking a photograph.Henri Cartier-Bresson portrait of Marilyn MonroeDiane Arbus portrait of Identical TwinsAnnie Leibovitz portrait of Disney Dream Portrait Series Beauty and the BeastBibliographyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pcehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wedgwood_(photographer)http//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/henri_cartierbresson.html http//www.biography.com/people/henri-cartier-bresson-9240139 http//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/d/diane_arbus.html http//www.biography.com/people/diane-arbus-9187461http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Leibovitzhttp//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/annie_leibovitz.html http//www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/henri-cartier-bresson-marilyn-monroe-in-reno-1961-4656889-details.aspx?intObjectID=4656889 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identical_Twins,_Roselle,_New_Jersey,_1967 http//www.elitismstyle.com/blogazine/archives/23666http//enchantedsereityperiodfilms.blogsport.com.au/2009/11/drew-barrymore-beauty-and-beast.html http//www.photoquotes.com/showquotes.aspx?id=90

Nurse Ratched Essay

A former army nurse, Nurse Ratched represents the authoritarian mechanization, dehumanization, and castration of modern societyin Bromdens words, the Combine. Her nickname is Big Nurse, which sounds like Big Brother, the name used in George Orwells novel 1984 to refer to an oppressive and all-knowing authority. Bromden describes Ratched as being like a machine, and her behavior fits this description even her name is reminiscent of a mechanical tool, sounding like some(prenominal) ratchet and wretched. She enters the novel, and the ward, with a gust of cold. Ratched has complete control everyplace every aspect of the ward, as well as almost complete control over her own emotions. In the first few pages we see her show her hideous self to Bromden and the aides, only to regain her doll-like composure before any of the patients catch a glimpse. Her ability to present a false self suggests that the mechanistic and oppressive forces in society gain ascendance through the dishonesty of t he powerful. Without being certain of the oppression, the quiet and docile slowly become weakened and gradually are subsumed.Nurse Ratched does possess a nonmechanical and undeniably human feature in her large bosom, which she conceals as best she can beneath a heavily starched uniform. Her large breasts both exude sexuality and emphasize her role as a twisted mother figure for the ward. She is able to act like an angel of mercy while at the same time shaming the patients into submission she knows their weak descry and exactly where to peck. The patients try to please her during the Group Meetings by airing their dirtiest, darkest secrets, and then they feel deeply ashamed for how she made them act, even though they have through with(p) nonhing. She maintains her power by the strategic use of shame and guilt, as well as by a determination to divide and conquer her patients.McMurphy manages to ruffle Ratched because he plays her game he picks up on her weak spots right away. He u ses his overt sexuality to throw her off her machinelike track, and he is not taken in by her thin facade of compassion or her falsely therapeutic tactics. When McMurphy rips her shirt open at theend of the novel, he symbolically exposes her hypocrisy and deceit, and she is never able to regain power.

Why Did the Japanese Take over Manchuria?

There are a few reasons why the japanese chose to take over Manchuria. unity reason is that the Japanese had owed a rail line and had claimed that the Chinese had sabotaged the railway this was called the Mukden incident. The Japanese then sent in their own troops to Manchuria and claimed that they had acted in ego defence and were just resolving that issue.Another reason is that the Japanese had suffered from the gravid belief and was seeking a way to overcome the depression by expanding its empire, the Japanese was at the time being run by the military and therefore was building up its army and therefore the Japanese invaded Manchuria to show how powerful their military was.Finally, Japan felt they needed to take over Manchuria was because Manchuria had much raw materials and by making Manchuria part of Japan they would have an unlimited supply of resources that there arena was in need of and they will be able to expand their economy and therefore Japan wouldnt be in such an e conomical crisis. The league of Nations had opposeed by sending over some officers to asses which rude was the aggressor although it was thought from beginning that Japan was the aggressive commonwealth.The league took a long time to respond and we see that the league wasnt as powerful as before, as when they did impose economical sanctions Japan had not listened. Japan carried on with their invasion and the alliance was powerless to stop them as they had no army to stop them with. Another reason the conference didnt stop them was as they were a powerful country and we see that the league only sorted out successful disputes when dealing with countries that didnt have much power.As well as that, Britain and France were also suffering from the great depression and focused on restoring their countries problems rather than sorting out disputes. Japan was also far away from Europe so the league didnt get hold as responsible to deal with the affairs that were not in Europe. One mai n reason the league was unsuccessful was because the Japanese had left the coalition of Nations when the League instructed them to leave and the League was then left powerless against them.The Leagues response indicated that they were weak in forcing a strong country to listen to them and as well the League was falling apart as all the major countries involved in the League were more interested to restore their country after the great depression than actually invest in the League and force its sanctions. The League was also powerless as when they had imposed economical sanctions it didnt really destroy the countrys economy as Russia and the USA were not part of the league and as they were powerful countries their not being part of the League reflected on the Leagues major power to enforce these sanctions.

Language and Communication in Psychology

Through detailed consideration of one selected area of investigation evaluate the progress fall upon by researchers in developing explanations of key aspects of the psychology of phrase and communication. The guide of words is frequently debated in different theories of human genius. The importance of language is relevant when it to comes to the ply of philosophers, neuroscientist, humanist and psychologist. Language has been applicable to Aristotle, Plato, Hume, Locke, Freud and Skinner. This essay seeks in investigating the definition of language and communication.In doing so traditional language theories will be assessed, this will later be compared to modern progression by researchers in developing explanations of the psychology of language and communication. The victimisation of language and language disorders will be evaluated in order to successfully investigate the modern approaches to language. Firstly, the evaluation of language, its origins, a provided and the engr oss have been investigated in areas such as computational theory, cognitive neuroscience, evolutional and ethnical psychology in contemporary studies of language.Language is usually seen as strategys for example English, French and Italian even seen as corpses of language it can be apply to describe other things because of its broad definition, In describing music for instance or art. These areas can have its own language that needs to be learnt to understand and stage music for example. Language in general can be apply in any form of communication. Since language is broad it is important to study limited areas of language, instead of its general definition (Bloom, .P, 2007) . This is so that direct questions can be answered. As a result the narrow questioned being investigated can be mouth to other systems of language. It is known that some form of language is used everyday, linguistics is dedicated field of the scientific study of everyday language and even though the broad term is difficult to define, linguists believe that language is a formal system of agreed rules that have to be followed by a speaker.In this system there is the addition of morphology to a fault known as the formation of words, syntax the formation of phrases and phonology, sound systems (Fromkin 2000). Secondly, Charles Dawins works have been used as a platform in the belief that man has an instinctive magnetic inclination to speak, as we see in the babble of our young children whilst no child has an instinctive tendency to brew, bake, or write Darwin (1871). This gives the idea that language comes natural, that humans have been biologically jut outed to speak.Neurological studies support the idea that language is part of the human nature through the investigations of dedicated parts of the mindset for language. It is believed that this might explain why every human society has language. The idea has hence raised questions as to whether language is innate or a cultural innov ation. Language deficits and aphasia has been investigated in recent studies to prove what happens when these dedicated parts for language are damaged.The works of cognitive neuropsychologist is to use theoretical frameworks and methods to specific language impairments. During the initial stages of Cognitive neuropsychological (in the second half of the nineteenth century) neurologists such as Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian began to make assumption close to the design of the whiz and its fixed language touch systems (Coltheart, 2006) this brought about the box-and-arrow diagrams in an attempt to demonstrate the sensations architecture.In taking this thought progress, how these components in the brain were localised was also studied. Even though at the time the cognitive function of language was non proved, by the failed attempt of localising the brain, it was relevant in influencing the work of other psychologist, an example is the later simplified version conducted by Colthe art. The work of Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian, received a lot of criticism from neurologist that were not cognitively point such as Head (1926) this led to fall in cognitive neuropsychological and the rise of behaviourism.Shallice, (1988) have suggested that cognitive neuropsychological data are similarly noisy and there difficult in being used further than exploring the brains functional architecture. Others such as McCloskey & Caramazza, (1991) have argued against this point. Stating that there shouldnt be a restriction on what data produced cognitive theory at any arbitrary level of detail. Thirdly, It was not until the mid twentieth century that there was a Cognitive revolution with the work of Broadbent (1956), Chomsky, (1959) Miller, Galanter, & Pribram,(1960), also study from Marshall and Newcombe (1966, 1973) looking into cognitive neuropsychology of reading and from Shallice and Warrington (1970) memory. This also included the work into the development of researching s entence process in aphasia, where linguistic and psycholinguistic theory were prudent for the analysis of aphasic symptoms (Caramazza & Zurif, 1976 Marin, Saffran, & Schwartz, 1976). A substantial amount of evidence afterwards has been produced in showing modularity in the brain.This shows that even though language is specifically located in the brain it is split into separate stages that may selectively be disrupted. (Berndt, Basili and Caramazza 1987) it is therefore established that specific lesions (in specific parts of the brain dedicated to language) will not affect the entire language process. This might see a persevering losing the ability to understand spoken word but retain the ability to repeat words, suggesting that there are separate modules responsible for separate actions in the brain. (Schwartz,Saffran, & Marin, 1980)Fodor (1983) was also in support of the modularity of the brain after incorporating some of the ideas that were developed in cognitive neuropsycholog ical. Foder describes a module as a domain specific. This is where the brain stores tuition that is responsible for a specific mental representation. For instance speech perception uses a separate path then that used in different audile analysis and controls only acoustic signals, perceived as utterances. D. Bishop (1997). Superior cognitive functions can not affect the processes of modules in the brain, known as information encapsulation. In this processing becomes fixed.The fact that modular processing can not be influenced by higher cognitive operations describes the term. It is difficult to take no name of incoming speecheven if attention is not used for receiving speech, a response will take place one will immediately oppose on hearing a relevant sound for instance a someone own name (Foder 1983). Fodor with the support of evolutionary arguments states that the brain complex system can be broken down into layers, through case studies of selective impaired patients having a particular effect on the process of language. He believes that language therefore is innate and pre- programmed in humans.Human studies have relied wholly on researches regarding nature. The main reasons for carrying out functional neuroimaging are to improve peoples take on the variant anatomical functions of language. This then leads on to the argument thats the much debated Brocas area which is linked to speech production can be subdivided into three regions, a posterior and superior region that is knobbed with sounds of language, an interior and ventral region that is involved with intend of words and a regions between the other two that is involved with meaning conveyed by sentences.Research carried out during the analysis on the anatomy and physiological aspects of the auditory processing in animals, show specific revelations regarding how the human brain perceives and process speech. Ignoring the concerns of critics, Researchers studying this phenomenon have resorted to us ing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography ( dearie) (which was introduced as a basic brute for monitoring language and brain activities) with the exception of people affected by induced nervous disorders such as stroke, to produce valuable evaluation, with regards to how language is organise in the human brain.Critics believe this is another example of wasted effort especially with the exclusion of patients with neurological disorders as study showed that this illness affects mainly the accessible and professional lives of those affected and sometimes it is not enough to impair their speech recognition abilities. PET has four advantages for the study of language (i) it does not lose esthesia and spatial localisation in important anterior and medial temporal lobe organizes, a (current) problem with fMRI due to susceptibility artefacts and geometric shifts4,,5 (ii) its lower spatial resolution makes it orders of magnitude less susceptible t o movement artefacts time-locked to stimulus and response, as occurs with overt articulation (most fMRI studies of word retrieval use covert responses) (iii) it does not create the din that is a feature of data acquisition in an MR scanner, requiring special techniques when important acoustic features in auditory stimuli may be masked6 and (iv) in the serial study of aphasic patients, it is the authors anecdotal experience that patients are far more likely to agree to come back for a second PET scan than to go back into a MRI magnet, a much more intimidating environment. Coltheart (2005).Technological development such as the scanning of the brain has been shown to be critical in the work of language processing. Since language is built into the brain PET scans is useful method in watching the brain at work with the use of basic words. The area of the brain that is activated during the process of language can be identified (recognition of words). Further studies on thought processing (especially with regards to language) shows that certain(a) groups of people were not able to process language normally. a group has to be anatomically normalized into the same stereotactic space. To allow for individual variations of gyral and sulcal anatomy, the pictorial matter data have to be smoothed. This is because of the problem of lesion distribution.Ablation studies in non-human animals are placed with great care, and often post mortem examinations are performed after the behavioural experiments to assert the boundaries of the lesion. The unsubtle lesions occurring as the consequence of cerebrovascular disease, necrotising viral infections, etc. may destroy cortex, local white matter connections, major white matter tracts connecting unlike cortical regions, sub-cortical nuclei, and their reciprocal connections with cortical areas. No lesion experiment in a non-human animal, relating structure to function, would be accepted for publication if clipping of a major arteri al branch produced the focal injury. Coltheart (2005)It is clear that studies on the human brain have been dependant on nature experiments with the application of liberal scientific standard. This has therefore allowed certain syndromes to be associated to lesions. This sometimes have been related to marked inter-subject distinction in the cortical organisation of function, which, would mean that studies of structurefunction relationships in the human, other than wee perceptual and motor processes, are meaningless. It would seem much more plausible that broadly similar clinical syndromes may result from very differently sited cortical, sub-cortical or tract lesions within distributed neural systems that are immanently similar between subjects with the same handedness and uneventful development. Coltheart (2005) The data from useful neuroimaging is a vital character to the perspective of language and its structure. It is therefore useful when used on normal subjects in pinpointin g where modular language processors are. The traditional Brocas area in the left field frontal gyrus can be divided further into three parts it has been argued one that is posterior and superior and is involved in the sound structure (phonology) of language a second, anterior and ventral that is concerned with the meaning of words (semantics) and a third, lying in-between the first two regions, that is involved in meaning conveyed by sentence structure (syntax).Of particular clinical relevance is the ability to determine shifts of function after focal brain lesions and how these may be potentially modified or even induced by behavioural or drug therapy. Caplan (2006) The recent cognitive studies have been useful in producing architecture and process of the brain but there are few studies that evaluate the technique of neuroimaging in a negative manner. Poeppel, (1996) states that neuroimaging so far has told us nothing about the mind so far. In support of this notion Orden and Paap (1997) agree that nothing has been learnt from neuroimaging and never will. It is believed that complexity of cognition can not produces evidence through this technique.Henson (2005) has provided a vital framework for considering the role of brainimaging data in cognitive psychology. He writes My main argument is that, provided one makes the assumption that there is some systematic chromosome mapping from psychological function to brain structure, then functional neuroimaging data simply comprise another dependent variable, along with behavioural data, that can be used to distinguish between competing psychological theories (p. 194). This idea recognises that there is some systematic mapping from psychological function to the structure of the brain. To conclude, Cognitive neuropsychology can be easily seen as a branch of cognitive psychology which has been vital to study of language and how it is urbane in the brain.It has been useful in creating theories through the study of subje cts performance in which normal cognition are identified. There have been several studies in support of how the language is processed in the brain to further prove or disprove these theories. The studies of these damaged sections have been able to be looked at through the advancement of technology. These scans have been able to explain a rate of questions about the processing of language in the brain for instance, the lateralized view of the human brain. This has also been observed in animals that also use sound for communication e. g. monkeys birds and dolphins. In this the control of sound production is usually in the left hemisphere also seen in humans.The two major areas of the human brain that are responsible for language are the Brocas area ,this is partially responsible for putting sentences together and using correct syntax secondly the Wernickes area, which is partially responsible for language processing (untangling others sentences and analyzing them for syntax, inflecti on, etc. ). Broca aphasia is used to describe if the Broca areas is damaged. side effects show slow, hesitant speech that lack grammer. Typical Brocas aphasics can not words not essential to the significance of the sentence, such as the and and. When the Wernicke area is damaged then it is known as Wernickes aphasia. It can be seen as opposite to Brocas aphasia.Wernickes aphasics are able to make general sentences but they are often senseless and include made-up words. Wernickes aphasics show signs of understanding others speech, but have difficulty naming objects Other types of aphasia noteworthy in brain-damaged patients can show even worse effects. If Wernickes and Brocas area are disconnected, patients struggle to repeat sentence said out to them. This shows that there is the possibility Wernickes area, which has processed the sentence heard, is unable to communicate it to Brocas area for repetition. In another type, Wernickes and Brocas areas remain connected but cannot commun icate with the rest of the brain. Patients can only repeat sentences but fail to speak on impulse speech (Pinker 1994).

Coffee Stand Essay

The counselor-at-laws thought of a coffee business since Philippines be known to be coffee lovers. To get together consumer cravings, they came up with other blends of coffee, these blends leave surely fulfill the cravings of the debaseers. 1. 1 Project Proponents The proponents be composed of tercet (3) students from the College of Business taking up Hotel and Restaurant Management. The proponents imbibe out undergone series of brainstorming in dedicate to come up this kind of business. Table 1 Proponents NAME ADDRESS NATIONALITY OWNERSHIP Paringit, Jerick U. 78 Peras St. Bagong Barrio Caloo sewer City Filipino 33 1/3% Lacabra, Elisha Grace V. 43 Ero Bernardino Seminary St. Bagbag Novaliches Filipino 33 1/3% Viloria, Vanessa DC. 7 Pangako St. Bagong Barrio Caloocan City Filipino 33 /3% 1. 2 Proposed Name of the Project The proponents named the business Kofilicious a combination of the words Coffee and delicious. It is a place where you can satisfy your coffee cravings at low-priced prices. Kofilicious aims to serve blended coffees that argon suited to the tastes of the customers. 1. 3 Type of Business Organization The proponents agreed to form a General Partnership with every three (3) partners. distributively(prenominal) of them forget manage and participate in the business military operation each partner is subjected to contribute their share to come up with the required majuscule for the initial operation of the business. alone of the proponents would be general partners with 33 1/3% shares each in cap requirement. 1. 4 Location of the business The Kofilicious depart be located at the Walter Mart, North EDSA at the ground floor area. It is close to the LRT station, in front of Jackman. 1. 5 History of the business Initi whollyy, the proponents would like to start a Pizza Shop, a Restaurant or a Bar.However there is a difficulty in finding pauperization and supply of the main(prenominal) product. As time goes, the proponents eat up noticed that Filipinos are coffee lovers. So proponents were inspired by the idea of having a coffee shop. About the location, one of the proponent suggested to put up a business inside SM City San Lazaro at Felix Huertas St. Lacson Ave. Santa Cruz, Manila, but when they call ined the said mall, the proponents found out that there are many a(prenominal) direct and indirect competitors, so they searched for another location and found Walter Mart in North EDSA, Quezon City.It is a commercial place where it can achieve favorableness through mall goers, students, employees. The most crucial factors that influenced the proponents in choosing what type of business project to establish and manage are (1) the need to obtain the necessary capital needed in establishing the business, (2) the marketability of the chosen project to ensure profit, and (3) the percentage and time needed to have return of investment in order to maintain and bear out the business project.Since the proponents ar e all students, capital is a limitation. The scale with which the business project lead operate depends largely on the amount of money the proponents are able to commit to business. Nowadays, marketability of the product depends on the invite for the product. The project proponents chose food as their product because the marketability of beverages never decreases. As long as people drink, beverages willing alship canal be a top commodity. A survey conducted by the proponents showed that coffee is one of the most in-demand beverages.A little twist and little experiment, and the team up came up with Kofilicious, coffee blended with other ingredients topped with whipped cream and wafer or wafer stick. CHAPTER 2 MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL The Kofilicous has a Stall Manager, Accountant, and two Store Personnel. separately personnel will work for eight hours a day, from Monday to Sunday. The term of payment will be given 15th and thirtieth of the month. The proponents choose personnel who have experienced and capability to work. 2. 1 Personnel The proponents formulate the policies, objectives and strategies to touch the business productive and successful in its operation.The proponents will hire Stall Manager, an accountant, and store personnel. 2. 2 Personnel Requirements A. Stall Manager * essential be 21-35 years old * Must be a graduate of four year course which is link up in Management, Hotel & Restaurant Management or any other business course * Must be willing to work on shifting hours * Must have passion about coffee. B. Store Personnel * Must be 18 to 25 years old * At least 54 in height (male) or 52 (female) * With pleasing personality * Must have at least college level of education * Must be hardworking & flexible * With skills in coffee flickingC. Accountant * Preferably a certified public accountant * With experience in financial statements preparation. 2. 2 Duties and Responsibilities A. Stall Manager * Oversees all the activities, * responsibl e for ensuring that the coffee shop maintains adequate supply levels, * maintains relationships with customers and staff, * identifies and estimates quantities of supplies to be ordered, * schedules staff work hours and activities, * organizes, plans, * bears the responsibility of ensuring that the coffee shop is adequately staffed, * makes sure employees are trained, * must handle all the advertising and promotion, * must manage the store and maintain the work flow and.* Must train the crews, and lend oneselfs all the rules and form _or_ system of government. B. Store Personnel * are responsible for the preparation of coffee, * responsible for cleaning duties, * discover customer needs and appropriately suggest products with every customer to fire service and meet sales goals, * Demonstrate the Just Say Yes behavior by taking care of customer needs, * Take responsibility to learn all aspects of the store personnel position, * are responsible for self-initiated learning, * enter purchases into cash register to calculate total purchase price, * accept cash payments, * count money, give variety and issue receipt for funds authoritative, * maintain sufficient amounts of change in cash drawer.* Keep register area neat and stocked with necessary supplies, * are responsible for inventory count, and * summarize daily sales and expense activities. C. Accountant * reports all financial matters to the owners, * prepares the business financial statements, * maintains of transaction understands and the books of the firm, * manages the financial account of the business, * prepares the payroll.D. Proponents * care all work flow of the establishment, * Whenever the stall manager is not present, one of the proponents will be doing the after work inventory of sales. 2. 3 Organizational chart Kofilicious adapted the line and staff organization that provides supplementing arms between the different levels of management. This type of organization is effective for good com munication from top management to deject management. This form of organization is simple but helps avoid several organizational problems. FIGURE 1 Organizational chart STALL MANAGER Accountant lineage PERSONNEL 2. 3.1 Proposed ordain of Salary Store personnel will be compensated on the number of hours and days of work they have ended. All employees will receive their salaries and wages every two (2) workweeks. 2. 3. 2 Mode of pay Payment of salaries and wages will be in the form of cash. Payment to be made twice in a month will be received by the employee on or before the 15th and 30th day of the month. 2. 4 Proposed Business Policies and Programs Be pleasant. Employees must wear a smile at all times. It should be part of daily operation. Be attentive. Employees must listen to every request made by the customers.Employees should exercise respect with customers at all times. Be patient. Employees must be patient in dealings with customers. They must exercise patience in order t o please customers. Be accurate. Employees must give exact change at all times make sure that accuracy is not notwithstanding extended as to money matters, but in rendering service as well. The order is to be received correctly the order is always to be repeated to the customer. Be loyal. Employees should give a loyal and honest service to the customer. Be observant. Employees must make it a habit to be on the lookout for little errors in service and correct this in time.Be prompt. Employees must report for the duty promptly, and remain until alleviated or until the manager has arranged for someone else to cover the work. Be clean. Employees must have a neat and clean appearance while on duty. Uniforms should be complete and in good order, properly buttoned and without spots or tear. They should observe proper hygiene daily. Management will not allow insolent jewelry, and excessive use of cosmetics. 2. 4. 1 Store Policies 1. The opening of the store is at 900 AM, exactly one hour before the actual opening of the mall, gag rule is at 10 in the evening. 2.All utensils used must be properly cleaned and sanitized after the operation, including the utility towels. 3. The crew should always wear their individual uniforms, caps, hairnet, and the nameplates provided by the company. 4. When the customer orders a product, the customer should be entertained and served in accordance with the span of time of making a blended coffee. 2. 4. 2 Uniforms All employees are required to wear their uniforms during working hours. The uniforms will be charged to the employees salary. The store uniform includes the following. a. Store shirt b. Pants c. Hairnet d. Cap and nameplate e. blank socks and white clog shoes. 2. 4. 3 Attendance and Absences The company employs the strict observance on the attendance and absences of the employees or the following 1. No work, no pay policy is strictly implemented. 2. Employees must work within the required hours and even during holidays, if necessary. 3. There will be a logbook and time card to have a record of the employees attendance. 4. Employees who intend to absent should inform the manager three hours prior to opening. 5. Employees who are absent for a day without any notice or permission to or from his/her manager are subject to a. 1st offense- verbal warningb. 2nd offense- three-day suspension c. 3rd offense- six-day suspension d. 4th offense- discharge 6. Employees must be on time. A 15-minute grace period is allowed. Store hours will open at 1000 a. m. as previously mentioned, but personnel are expected to be at the workplace one hour before opening time. 7. There will be a one-hour break per personnel, but this must be alternately done, that is, one personnel takes break, and the other one will be in-charge of the store, and vice versa 8. There is a one day-off, but it must be assigned and plot by the manager. 2. 5 Proposed Management Style and Practices.The proponents will manage and supervise the operation of the business with the help of other people as their employees, and agreed to implement situational style of management in the supervision and operation in running the business. Considering the workers are one of the most valuable assets on our business, they must be treat fairly and with respect for them to work efficiently, effectively and productively. 2. 5. 1 Vision Kofilicious is committed to excellence. The partners are dedicated to offer not only the quantity but the prime(prenominal) of the proponents product, and the unparalleled service and love rendered to the people. 2.5. 2 Mission To make Kofilicious a premium coffee house and to be competitive in coffee intentness and its market. To be known through an excellent quality of coffee at affordable price with a loyal reputation and consistent high step-up in sales and profit. CHAPTER 3 MARKETING FEASIBILITY Coffee drinkers in the Philippines are among the most demanding ones. They favor well-brewed coffee drinks and demand great service. Kofilicous will progress to to build a loyal customer base by offering a great tasting coffee located close to LRT Station. Our market query shows that 80% are the customer groups that are most likely to buy coffee.Since coffee consumption is universal, proximity to area of Walter Mart will provide annoy to the targeted customer. 3. 1 Market Description One of the major assumptions of this study is that the product can be patronized by all target market, since the proposed business is only small in scale. The target market state that the project covers is defined as the total estimate of people visiting the mall yearly. Since these people visit the mall and are free to go to any place at the mall, including the location of the project all these people are potential customers. 3. 2 Demand.The computed demand was based from the survey the proponents conducted. The demand for the past five years and the project five years are as follows The survey showed that 80% of the respondents drink the tralatitious coffee. The respondents were also asked how frequent they drink coffee (given choice every day, once a week, twice a week). Respondents who chose everyday comprised 10% of the total subjects, twice a week comprised 30%, and once a week comprised 48%. The remaining 12% drink coffee for a frequency of thrice a week to six times a week almost every day.This table illustrates the estimated demand for the product as defined by the percentages shown by the survey and the estimated population for the past five years Table 2 Frequency of node Demand for Possible Purchase social class entire population Interested to buy (80%) Drinks coffee everyday(10%) Once aWeek(48%) Twice aWeek(30%) Thrice to sixa week(12%) 2011 7,786 6,229 622 2,990 1,869 747 The proponents conducted a survey at Walter Mart, North EDSA, Quezon City. This survey helped the proponents to know the number of respondents, target market and the total demand for coffee that t he proponents need in the project.Based on 100 survey sheets that the proponents distributed, 80% of those people are willing to buy the product and 20% are those who are not willing to drink coffee. 3. 2. 1 Historical Demand Year wide population Interested to buy (80%) Drinks coffee everyday(10%) Once a week(48%) Twice a week(30%) Thrice a week(12%) cc7 7,218 5,774 577 2,772 1,732 692 2008 7,354 5,883 588 2,824 1,765 705 2009 7,495 5,996 599 2,878 1,799 719 2010 7,639 6,111 611 2,933 1,833 733 2011 7,786 6,229 622 2,990 1,869 747.Year Interested to buy(80%) add up Demand(Annual) 2007 7,218 607,004 2008 7,354 618,441 2009 7,495 630,299 2010 7,639 642,409 2011 7,786 654,771 Year Total population Interested to buy (80%) Drinks coffee daily(10%) Once a week(48%) Twice a week(30%) Thrice a week(12%) Total Demand(Annual) 2012 7,935 6,348 634 3,047 1,904 761 667,301 2013 8,087 6,470 646 3,105 1,941 776 680,084 2014 8,242 6,594 659 3,165 1,978 791 693,119 2015 8,400 6,720 672 3,22 6 2,016 806 706,406 2016 8,561 6,849 684 3,287 2,055 821 719,945 3.2. 2 Projected Demand The Statistical straight line method was used to obtain the projected demand and based on the computed projection values, the proponents assessment is that there is a growing demand for coffee for the next five years. 3. 3 write out Supply is the quality of goods that sellers are willing to sell out of given prices at a particular time and place. 3. 3. 1 Historical Supply The coffee may have a fixed price that could bring profile to the proponents or they have to sell it at whatever price it will fetch depending on the publicity.It is unlikely, however that they will continue to supply it if the price remain below the required amount to cover the hail and give the least profit. competitors Quantity interchange per day Zagu 80 Coffee Break 45 Tea Zone 60 Competitors Quantity sold per day in pcs. Operating days Total Supply Zagu 80 360 28,800 Coffee Break 45 360 16,200 Tea Zone 60 360 21,60 0 Annual Supply 66,600 3. 3. 2 Historical Supply Year Competitor Quantity sold/day in pcs Operating days Total Supply 2007 - - 360 2008 - - 360 2009 3 179 360 193,320 2010 3 182 360 196,560 2011 3 185 360 199,800.3. 3. 3 Projected Supply Year Competitor Quantity sold/day in pieces Operating days Total Supply 2012 3 188 360 203,040 2013 3 191 360 206,280 2014 3 194 360 209,520 2015 3 197 360 212,760 2016 3 200 360 216,000 3. 4 Demand & Supply Analysis 3. 4. 1 Historical Demand Supply Gap Year Demand Supply DS Gap % uneasy 2007 607,004 - 7,218 100% 2008 618,441 - 7,354 100% 2009 630,299 193,320 436,979 69% 2010 642,409 196,560 445,849 69% 2011 654,771 199,800 454,971 69% Year Demand Supply DS Gap % Unsatisfied 2012 667,301 203,040 464,261 69%.2013 680,084 206,280 473,804 69% 2014 693,119 209,520 483,599 69% 2015 706,406 212,760 493,646 69% 2016 719,945 216,000 503,945 70% 3. 4. 2 Projected Demand Supply Gap 3. 5 Proposed Marketing Practices Marketing practices include the practic es that affect the relationship between the wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer and the retailer. 3. 6 Proposed Marketing Program and Strategy Kofilicious main purpose is to satisfy customers needs specifically on their taste preference, and to provide quality and friendly service. In order to achieve the business mission, the proponents constructed different strategies.Marketing mix elements are price, place, product and promotion. A. Price Price is the one that creates sales revenues. The pricing strategy of Kofilicious is set to view if the market is capable of purchasing. The product having affordable prices is a must. A buffer of 10% and a mark up 40% were hited to the Total fare bell to get the selling price. B. Place Proponents proposed project will be located inside Walter Mart North EDSA, this site is chosen in order to buzz off the target market. Walter Mart is known for being one of the most visited mall in the country. C. harvest-time.This refers to tangible serv ice. The brand name has a connection to the product, and in sense, customers will hopefully be back for more. There will be a variety of products for the customers to choose from to satisfy their wants and needs. Below are the following nutrition facts of each coffee blend coffee shop vanilla extract Frappuccino Calories 270 Calories from plop 100 Total Fat 11g Saturated Fat 7g Calories 220 Calories from Fat 25 Total Fat 2. 5g cholesterin 10mg Total Carbohydrate 48g stopss 46g Protein 3g Vitamin A 2% Mocha Frappuccino Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 35mg Sodium 150mg.Total Carbohydrate 42g Dietary Fiber 0g gelts 40g Protein 4g Vitamin A 8% push 4%Ricoas coffeeCalories 290 Calories from fat 190 % Daily valueTotal Fat 13g 20%Saturated Fat 7g 35%Cholesterol 45mg 15%Sodium 115mg 5%Total Carbohydrates 39mg 13%Sugars 32gProtein 11gVitamin A 15%calcium 35%Iron 15%Caffe caffe latteCalories 150 Calories from fat 50 % Daily valueTotal Fat 6g 9%Saturated Fat 3. 5g 18%Cholesterol 25mg 8%So dium 115mg 5%Total Carbohydrates 14g 5%Sugars 13gProtein 10gVitamin A 10%Calcium 35%Caramel MacchiatoCalories 180 Calories from fat 45 % Daily valueTotal Fat 5g 8%Saturated Fat 3.5g 18%Cholesterol 20mg 7%Sodium 100mg 4%Total Carbohydrates 25g 9%Sugars 23gProtein 8gVitamin A 10%Calcium 35% D. Promotion One of the Marketing Promotion tools used are tarpaulin, flyers and discount stubs. For the opening of the store there are 50 pcs. discount separate to be distributed, the stall will also distribute of 100 pcs. flyers and will post a tarpaulin besides the stall for the consumer to have the idea what products are being offered. (3. 7 Project Sales, see page 79) CHAPTER 4 Technical/ crosswayion Production is a major step in the series of sparing process that brings goods and services to people.Producing a product that would cater to high level of customers satisfaction is one of the requirements for the proponents to cope with todays successful companies. In this part, the proponents w ill discuss the production flow chart, project site, layouts and production schedule, facilities, floor plan, machine and equipment, utilities and raw materials. 4. 1 Product Description Kofilicious will serve different flavors. all product is composed of different ingredients. The proponents decided to make a unique blend of coffee to satisfy the customers. These product items and ingredient are as follows Vanilla Cappuccino.? c Fresh milk 2 tsp. Sugar 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 2 T Coffee 1 tsp. cinnamon 2 T Whipped selection ? c Ice Cubes Mocha Frappuccino ? cFresh Milk 2 TRegular Coffee 2 TWhipped Cream 2 oz. Milk Magic Chocolate 3 TSugar 1 cIce Cubes Ricoas Chocolate Drink ? cFresh Milk one hundred twenty gRicoas cocoa 3 TSugar 1 tsp. Vanilla Extract 1 cIce Cubes 2 TWhipped Cream Cafe Latte 1 oz. Espresso, brewed 1 oz. Condensed Milk 1cIce Cubes 1 tsp. Cinnamon 2 TWhipped Cream Caramel Latte Macchiato ? cSteamed Milk 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 1 oz. Espresso, brewed 1 TCaramel Syrup 2 T Whipped Cream 1 cIce Cubes 4. 2 Production Process.Production process starts with cleaning of the section. Then begin for preparation of the ingredients, followed by the setting of equipment, measuring ingredients, inspection of quality and then storing the ingredients. Vanilla Cappuccino 1. In a blender, put the wise(p) milk, sugar, vanilla sirup, and coffee. 2. Blend it for a second notwithstanding to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend. 4. dictate in a cup, top with whipped cream, cinnamon and your choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Mocha Frappuccino 1. install the fresh milk, regular coffee, milk magic chocolate and sugar in a blender. 2.Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes then blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Ricoas Chocolate Drink 1. In a blender, put the fresh milk, ricoas cocoa, sugar and vanilla extract. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). Cafe Latte 1. Put the brewed espresso and condensed milk. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then add the ice cubes and blend.4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream, cinnamon and choice of toppings (either wafer or stick-o). Caramel Latte Macchiato 1. In a blender, put the steamed milk, vanilla syrup, brewed espresso, and caramel syrup. 2. Blend it for a second just to mix all the ingredients. 3. Then put the ice cubes and blend. 4. Put in a cup and top with whipped cream and choice of toppings (either wafer or wafer stick). 4. 3 Flow Diagram Operation A production process can be defined as any activity that increase the similarity between the pattern of demand-goods, the quantity form and the distribution of these goods available to the market place. legend * Operation * Transportation 4. 3. 1 Production Process 1. Cleaning the area 2. Setting of the equipment 3. Preparing of the ingredients 4. Mixing the ingredients 5. Presentation 6. Serving 4. 3. 2 Service Flow Customer Kofilicious Personnel 4. 4 Materials Handling Design The materials requested for the daily operation of the business will be purchased by the proponents every week. One of the staff will inspect the process of production. The store will be using FIFO or First- In First Out as its inventory method. Materials are unploughed in safe and secured storage.4. 5 Project Site The project is located inside Walter Mart, North EDSA, Quezon City. The project site has a total area of 3 meters by 2 meters. The site was chosen because the business is located near public and private offices and residences. 4. 6 Project Layout The food stand is about 8ft. in height, 4 ft. length and 3ft. in width. For the proponents the area is big enough to meet the production and selling operation of the busines s, the storage and other equipment could still be accommodated in the proposed area. 4. 7 Plant Size and Production ScheduleThe proponents chose the proposed business at the first level of Walter Mart, North EDSA Quezon City with a floor area of 3 meters by 2 meters. Table Personnel Schedule Stall Manager Store Personnel (1) Store Personnel (2) Monday 1000 a. m -700 p. m 0800 a. m -0400 p. m Tuesday 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m OFF Wednesday OFF 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m Thursday 1000 a. m -700 p. m OFF 1000 a. m -700 p. m Friday OFF 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m Saturday 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p.m Sunday 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m 1000 a. m -700 p. m 4. 8.Floor Plan The stall has a total area of 3 by 2 meters which will have the operation area and the product display area. It has enough space for three personnel. The lease term is two months in advance and one month deposit. 4. 9 Utilities As for uti lities, water supplied by Maynilad and electricity from Meralco will be included in the rental fee. The business will be charged Php 30,000. 00 every month with a 10% increase on rent per year. 4. 10 Coffee Materials Vanilla Cappuccino (8oz/240ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt.in g/ml Product damage Unit Cost sustenance Cost ? c Fresh Milk 60 ml P 62. 15/ g-force ml 0. 06 P 3. 60 2 tsp. Sugar 10 g P54. 00/ constant of gravitation g 0. 054 P 0. 54 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 5 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 1. 65 1 tsp. Coffee, strong 5 g P 66. 95/100 g 0. 67 P 3. 35 1 tsp. Cinnamon 5 g P 38. 35/30 g 1. 28 P 6. 40 1 T Whipped Cream 15 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 2. 55 ? c Ice Cubes 120 g P 5. 00/1000g 0. 005 0. 60 Total victuals Cost P 18. 69 +10% yellowish brown P 1. 87 Total court P 20. 56 Mark-up 40% P 8. 22 Selling Price P 28. 78 or P 29. 00 Profit P 10. 00 Vanilla Cappuccino (12 oz./360ml).Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product Cost Unit Cost Food Cost ? c Fresh Milk 120 ml P 62. 15/ 10 00ml 0. 06 P 7. 20 3 tsp. Sugar 15 g P 54. 00/1000g 0. 054 P 0. 81 2 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 10 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 3. 30 2 tsp. Coffee, strong 10 g P 66. 95/100 g 0. 67 P 6. 70 1 tsp. Cinnamon 5 g P 38. 35/30 g 1. 28 P 6. 40 2 T Whipped Cream 30 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 5. 10 ? c Ice Cubes 180 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 90 Total Food Cost P 30. 41 +10% Buffer P 3. 04 Total terms P 33. 45 Mark-up 40% P 13. 38 Selling Price P 46. 83 or P 47.00 Profit P 16. 00 Mocha Frappuccino (8 oz. /240 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product Cost Unit toll Food Cost ? c Fresh Milk 60 ml P 62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 3. 60 1 tsp. Coffee, strong 5 g P 66. 95/100 g 0. 67 P 3. 35 1 T Whipped Cream 15 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 2. 55 1 oz. Milk Magic Chocolate 30 ml P62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 1. 80 2 tsp. Sugar 10 g P 54. 00/1000 g 0. 054 P 0. 54 ? c Ice Cubes 120 g P 5. 00/1000 0. 005 P 0. 60 Total Food Cost P 12. 44 +10% Buffer P 1. 24 Total cost P 13. 68 Mark-up 40% P 5. 47 Selling Price P 19. 15 or P 20. 00.Profit P 7. 00 Mocha Frappuccino (12 Oz. /360 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product cost Unit cost Food cost ? c Fresh Milk 120 ml P 62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 7. 20 2 tsp. Coffee, strong 10 g P 66. 95/100 g 0. 67 P 6. 70 2 T Whipped Cream 30 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 5. 10 2 oz. Milk Magic Chocolate 60 ml P 62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 3. 60 3 tsp. Sugar 15 g P 54. 00/1000 g 0. 054 P 0. 81 ? c Ice Cubes 180 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 90 Total Food Cost P 24. 31 +10% Buffer P 2. 43 Total cost P 26. 74 Mark-up 40% P 10. 70 Selling Price P 37. 44 or P 38.00 Profit P 13. 00 Ricoas Chocolate drink (8oz. /240 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product cost Unit cost Food cost ? c Fresh Milk 60 ml P 62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 3. 60 60 g Ricoas Cocoa 60 g P 52. 85/200 g 0. 26 P 15. 60 2 tsp. Sugar 10 g P 54. 00/1000 g 0. 054 P 0. 54 1 tsp. Vanilla Extract 5 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 1. 65 ? c Ice Cubes 120 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 60 1 T Whipped Cream 15 ml P 4 3. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 2. 55 Total Food Cost P 24. 54 +10% Buffer P 2. 45 Total cost P 26. 99 Mark-up 40% P 10. 80 Selling Price P 37. 79 or P 38. 00.Profit P 13. 00 Ricoas Chocolate drink (12 oz. /360 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product cost Unit cost Food cost ? c Fresh Milk 120 ml P 62. 15/1000 ml 0. 06 P 7. 20 80 g Ricoas Cocoa 80 g P 52. 85/200 g 0. 26 P 20. 80 3 tsp. Sugar 15 g P 54. 00/1000 g 0. 054 P 0. 81 1 tsp. Vanilla extract 5 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 1. 65 ? c Ice cubes 180 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 90 2 T Whipped Cream 30 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 5. 10 Total Food Cost P 36. 46 +10% Buffer P 3. 65 Total cost P 40. 11 Mark-up 40% P 16. 04 Selling Price P 56. 15 or P 57.00 Profit P 20. 00 Cafe Latte (8oz. /240 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product cost Unit cost Food cost 10 ml Espresso ,brewed 10 ml P 60. 00/60 ml 1 P 10. 00 ? oz. Condensed Milk 15 ml P 30. 75/ccc ml 0. 10 P 1. 50 ? c Ice cubes 120 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 60 1 tsp. Cinnamon 5 g P 38. 35/30 g 1. 28 P 6. 40 1 T Whipped cream 15 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 2. 55 Total Food Cost P 21. 05 +10% Buffer P 2. 11 Total cost P 23. 16 Mark-up 40% P 9. 26 Selling Price P 32. 42 or P 33. 00 Profit P 11. 00 Cafe Latte (12 oz. /360 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt.in g/ml ProductCost Unit cost Food cost 15 ml Espresso, brewed 15 ml P 60. 00/60 ml 1 P 15. 00 20 ml Condensed milk 20 ml P 30. 75/300 ml 0. 10 P 2. 00 ? c Ice cubes 180 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 90 1 tsp. Cinnamon 5 g P 38. 35/30 g 1. 28 P 6. 40 2 T Whipped Cream 30 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 5. 10 Total Food Cost P 29. 40 +10% Buffer P 2. 94 Total cost P 32. 34 Mark-up 40% P 12. 94 Selling Price P 45. 28 or P 46. 00 Profit P 16. 00 Caramel Latte Macchiato (8 OZ. /240 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product Cost Unit Cost Food Cost ? c Steamed Milk 60 ml P 61.80/1000 ml 0. 06 P 3. 60 1 tsp. Vanilla Syrup 5 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 1. 65 10 ml Espresso, brewed 10 ml P 60. 00/60 ml 1 P 10 2 tsp. Caramel syrup 10 ml P 59. 15/120 ml 0. 43 P 4. 30 1 T Whipped cream 15 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 2. 55 ? c Ice cubes 120 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 0. 60 Total Food Cost P 26. 30 +10% Buffer P 2. 63 Total cost P 28. 93 Selling Price P 40. 50 or P 41. 00 Profit P 14. 00 Caramel Latte Macchiato (12 oz. / 360 ml) Quantity Ingredients Wt. in g/ml Product Cost Unit Cost Food Cost ? c Steamed milk 120 ml P 61. 80/1000 ml 0.06 P 7. 20 1 tsp. Vanilla syrup 5 ml P 10. 00/30 ml 0. 33 P 1. 65 15 ml Espresso, brewed 15 ml P 60. 00/60 ml 1 P 15. 00 3 tsp. Caramel syrup 15 ml P 59. 15/120 ml 0. 43 P 6. 45 2 T Whipped cream 30 ml P 43. 20/250 ml 0. 17 P 5. 10 ? c Ice Cubes 180 g P 5. 00/1000 g 0. 005 P 0. 90 Total food Cost P 36. 30 +10% Buffer P 3. 63 Total cost P 39. 93 Mark-up 40% P 15. 97 Selling Price P 55. 90 or P 56. 00 Profit P 19. 00 Costs for packaging Materials Product Price Plastic Cups (8 oz. ) P 47. 50/50 pcs. Plastic Cup (12 oz. ) P 51. 50/50 pcs. Straw P 75.00/200 pcs. wind P 40. 00/bu ndle TOTAL P 214. 00 4. 11 Equipment, Kitchen Tools & Packaging Requirements Equipment power point Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost Food Kiosk 1 P 40,000 P 40,000 Blender 2 P 1,200 P 2,400 Freezer 1 P 9,847. 00 P 9,847. 00 Coffee Maker 1 P 2,100 P2,100 Total P 54, 347. 00 Kitchen Tools Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost Measuring Cup 2 set 60 P 112. 00 Measuring smooch 2 set 80 P 160. 00 Plastic Container 6 P150. 00 Kitchen Scissors 1 P 30. 00 P 30. 00 Total P 452. 00 Packaging Requirement Item Quantity Amount TotalPlastic cup 50 pcs. 0. 60 P 30. 00 Plastic straw 50 pcs. 0. 18 P 17. 50 interweave 1,000 pcs. 0. 005 P 50. 00 Total P 97. 50 4. 12 Man Power Requirements Manpower Requirement Position No. Work load Basic Rate Stall Manager 1 Eight hours a day Share to the capital Accountant 1 Twice a month 1,500. 00/visit*2/month. Php 3,000. 00 Store Personnel 2 Eight hours a day 404/day*26days/month. P 10,504. 00 4. 13 Wastes and Waste disposal Kofilicous will implement proper ways of disposing solid and liquid wastes. Solid wastes include used cups and plastic straws.

Paper on Education: A Gift or Not

The terminus information throne mean many things. An pedagogy is the collective feelledge a somebody has, b atomic number 18ly what does an education mean? Although an education tummy be paid for, no one screw physically give you an education, so it is not a gift. There are societal situations where an education is a necessity, that not many globally. Education is a tool to be utilized differently in either government agency of the world. Knowledge is power, but some knowledge is more powerful depending on your region. If you are part a primitive tribe in New Guinea, a person that is considered to be improve may be illiterate.Whereas in America, an illiterate person would deplete trouble functioning at all in indian lodge. Education is a tool that is to be developed by a combination of penury, preparation, support, and society. An education sack be offered to someone, but the pupil quite a little only take from it what is put in. A gift is something that can be given to someone regardless of the effort put forth by the individual, therefore an education is not a gift. Although an education cannot be given to someone, and it is not a gift, there are things that can be given to you that contribute to your education.Perhaps the greatest thing that can be provided is support. When a farm or teacher rewards a child for observeing, it makes a connection in the childs mind that an education exit pay off. When an educated and successful family strongly support a childs education, that child depart have a better chance to obtain an education. The child allow for see that education and success coincide. A person that is to be educated has to be given many opportunities to learn new things. Some of these opportunities are as simple as letting your four-year-old watch Sesame Street or letting your six-year-old make a sandwich.There are cases, however, when parents are not fit to promote their childrens education. If the parents are poor and uneducate d, then a child will or so likely be unmotivated towards school. The child might realize that his parents are managing to pull through, and think that he will be able to survive without an education as well. This will withhold the child from opportunities that an education would provide. Allowing that certain educational gifts are given to a person, they can secure the motivation it takes to gather in an education.Once you have made the decision to attain an education, certain virtues must be possessed. You must be motivated by something, weather it be currency, power, or just the desire to learn. It is motivation that drives you to learn new things and to expand your horizons. You must prepare for an education. For boththing that you want to know, there is something else you need to know first. sooner you can be proficient on a piano you must know music, and before you can be proficient on a computer you must learn to use a keyboard and a mouse.Even though these skills may se em intuitive to some, someone from a different social cultivation may not have been introduced to these ideas at all. You must also have certain resources provided. To learn in an institution, often times you need money, books, and otherwise materials that, sadly enough, cannot always be secured. This situation exemplifies the problems that one can face when an education is desired but outside scarcities disallow. There are some circumstances where fussy educational aspects are a necessity in a certain region, but education is not global.In most developed countries a lawyer would be considered an educated person, but if a lawyer was sent to a more primitive society he would be lost. A farmer educated in cultivation in Nebraska could nourish himself indefinitely, but take away his farm and he has nothing but the knowledge of farming. There are certain things that a person must know in order to have the power to survive in a chosen society. These things change with regards to the s ociety at hand. In more developed places it is pertinent that you know how to read.Without this skill a person will remained severely uninformed, disconnected, and uneducated. The ability to read is the stepping stone to self-education. A literate person with motivation and knowledge of device can become successful with very little institutionalized education. This skill, as it applies to American social culture, is the most important attribute of an education. Without the ability to read, a person would have to either settle for an extremely amateur job, grow their own food, or resort to thievery.In a accomplished society such as this, not many people find the need to do these things. Instead people achieve an education, learn a trade or a profession, and earn money to prosper. However, in some societies it is perfectly usual not to be able to read, and a person will manage to survive on other skills such as hunting. Regardless of where you are or what you do, education is an as set. It is a tool that you add to every day, and that no one can take from you. Once you have truly learned something, it will be with you forever, and you will be able to put that information into use whenever it applies.Your education is something you truly own. It cannot be taken away in a bet, by a bankruptcy, and it cannot be stolen. Once you are educated in a particular field, you have job security. If you are a programmer, and your company goes under, you will be able to find another position as a programmer. When you are educated you make more money and have the better jobs, because it shows that you are dedicated to learning. You will not age as fast as someone with a labor intensive job, and chances are you will not have a life ending injury on the job.It is education that gives you options, keeps you connected to the world, and keeps you informed. Although an uneducated person has the resources to inform themselves, they rarely have the ability or motivation it takes to utilize these resources. An education can be achieved by anyone who has the motivation, support, and resources it takes too receive an education according to their perception. This education is a made up of support, motivation, and the necessity to survive. This education cannot be taken. This education means survival and success.

A Molecular Caliper Mechanism for Determining

The hold is ab issue the breakthrough of a molecular caliper that can be used to measure the space of very long-chain fatso acids (VLCFA). It was written by Vladimir Denic and Dr. Jonathan Weissman. Here, I will analyze the important elements in this scientific paper by answering the key questions below.1. What important foregoingly observed facts stimulated the new pass? (Background)It has been observed that very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are responsible for the cellular growth and alterations in the length of these fatty acids will result to abnormalities. In humans, Very Long chain of mountains Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCAD) and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) are two of the metabolic diseases that can be fatal to the individual (Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Kemp and Watkins Very Long Chain Fatty Acids and Adrenoleukodystrophy).One possible way to solve this problem is by find out the lengths of VLCFAs. It is also important to promissory note that VLC FAs are results of catalytic processes. Thus, the different components of VLCFAs as well as the proteins responsible for this must be reconciled.In the article, previous studies conducted on the process of converting short fatty acids were included. The four steps in the metabolic process were listed (Denic and Weissman 663). later it, the researchers investigated on the missing links of the process the novel dehydratase and the elongase protein (Elop) which acts as scissors in the elongation cycle. using complicated steps derived from previous experiments, they were commensurate to identify the Elop known as Phs1p.Unknown to the researchers are the Elop responsible for determining the length of the resultant VLCFAs by stopping Phs1p from elongating the fatty acid. Another unknown is the method which the researchers can determine the length of the VLCFA.2. What is the hypothesis of the new work?The hypothesis of this work can be found in the abstract but it is a shorter version and probably needs elaboration. By analyzing the existing data on VLCFA, the researchers have come up with the hypothesis that FAs are elongated to VLCFAs by three membrane components (Denic and Weissman 663). Also, they were able to hypothesize that the length of the VLCFA can be measured by determining the distance from the lysine residue and the Elop nimble sites (Denic and Weissman 663).3. What are the major findings reported in the manuscript? (New data)The major findings in the article include the discovery of the missing componentnovel dehydratasePhs1p. This is the component responsible for the elongation of the FAs (Denic and Weissman 664). Now, the researchers still looked for the Elop responsible for the length role of the VLCFAs and found two examples of this component, namely Fen1p and Sur4p (Denic and Weissman 674). By undergoing in vivo tests, they were able to isolate the Elops and found out that Fen1p and Sur4p is responsible for the elongation of C18 fatty acids i nto C22 and C26 respectively (Denic and Weissman 674).

Hr Report on Telenor

INTRODUCTION OF TELENOR- pic In Pakistan Telenor launched its operation in March 2005 as the single largest direct European investment in Pakistan, place setting precedence for only foreign investment in the telecom sector. In a little over two years, Telenor bedevil grown to become a leading telecom operator in the country. In fiscal year 2006, Telenor achieved nearly 200% growth in their lecturer base- The Highest in the industry by a wide margin. Telenor is the fastest growing mobile net tame in the country, with coverage r apieceing deep into many of the remotest aras of Pakistan. In to the luxuriouslyest degree troublesome terrains, from the hillyNorthern argonas to the winding desserts in the south, at the time they ar the only operator connecting the previously unconnected. Telenor be spread across Pakistan, creating 2,200 direct and 20,000-plus indirect employment opportunities. We have a network of 15 company-owned sales and service centers, to a greater extent t han 200 franchisees and some 100,000 retail outlets. pic VISION STATEMENT- Telenor day-dream is simple they exist to tending their nodes to demand the to the full benefit of communication service in their daily holds. The key to achieving this vision is mindset where everyone whole works together.Making it easy to buy and use their services. Their vision is inspiring vision to find new ways. Telenor vision statement is- MISSION STATEMENT- At Telenor, it is believed that responsibility and trust are inseparable. Telenor mustiness have bank relationships its customers, owners, employees and society in general. thitherfore a de vergeined effort is made to attend to the conclave responsibilities in society in comprehensive and innovative way. Telenor striving to be a driving force in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the ascertainet place.Their mission statement is- CORE VALUES- Telenor has mainly four union values ? Make it easy ? Keep promising ? Be inspiring ? Be respect full MARKET SHARE OF CELLULAR INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN- pic From the in a high place chart we see that Telenor has catched up the warid. both are tied up at this time. HUMAN vision MANAGEMENT supplying HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF TELENOR- kind-hearted Resources (HR) is round creating a winning transcription, generating outstanding business public layation with the tuition of quite a little and squads.Working in Telenor validation is high profile, rewarding and demands the ability to take tough, insightful decisions and allow for them into action. HRs over altogether function is to devise and implement strategies and policies to tell that they have the right people with the right skills. inwardly that, in that respect are numerous options For example it could be covering culture change, leading break inment, strategic endowment instruction, coaching and skills discipline or alignment of reward with action. OBJECTIVE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT- The aim of the Human Resource de set forthment is To Facilitate Growth. Telenor people are the most important asset. In Human Resources (HR) they financial support and develop people, enabling them to deliver outstanding business performance. Telenor culture is about empowering people, both to hold to their business objectives and to achieve their own own(prenominal) and race determinations. HRs over all told function is to devise and implement strategies and policies to en received that we have the right people with the right skills. HR four-in-hand has most important function to they usher the employees how they move on unified ladder. Manager must get along what is the employees strength and weakness.So they chink the employees in weak areas. RECRUITMENT & PLACEMENT PRACTICES SELECTION PROCESS- Telenor selection process is designed to constitute the potential to become the future business leaders, while helping people decide if Telenor is th e right arrangement for them. JOB POSTINGS- The type of mediums that they use in put in of preference for posting their arguments. 1. Internal C. V Pools They aliveness track of all their employees CVs & when they have farm outs available they look for potential washbowldidates among their own staff for internal recruitment. Filling a vacancy by their current employees is their first choice. . Head hunters- Telenor has assigned tendere resource corporations or agencies to look for talented & well knowledgeable people for them & provide them with people with the moderate descriptions that Telenor has posted. 3. Newspapers- In case they dont get people from above sources they go for public offerings by giving ads in news papers mostly well known and mass published composition having good pull up stakes in the market such a s Dawn, The News or Jang 4. Campus Drives- Telenor besides sends its HR teams to different universities campuses for finding out the potential talent th at can be of use to them in the future.Their HR people have the descriptions or know description according to which they look for prospective employees. They overly provide internship opportunities and then select suitable candidates and then conduct 1-2 normal interview and then offered to job to selected candidate. COMPENSATION PRACTICES COMPENSATION PLANS- Before deciding on the compensation patterns the H. R department try to witness the goals of the company. Groups of pay ranges are developed so that it would be easier to make compensation plans for the employees.Usually promotions to higher group depend upon the efforts of the employees and very seldom on their experience. Compensation plans include both direct and non-direct compensations. JOB evaluation- The HRM department of Telenor does Job evaluation. The system utilise by the company is Point method. In load method points and degrees are specified. HRM department conduct the salary surveys, evaluate jobs, and deve lop pay grades, use wage curves and okay tune pay rates. The randomness is kept as confidential to make sure that no information is being leaked out.In Telenor employee excessively do job evaluation by himself. The employee is often being tending(p) single goals, so he has to work on how to achieve those goals. The goals assigned to him will make sure that employee constantly learns and amends in order to achieve the goals. The goals are always very intriguing and require the employee to critically analyse his strengths and weaknesses and look for the competencies that he indirect requests to develop. PERFORMNCE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING SYSTEM- Telenor have Annual confidential reportage for their employees evaluations, under which they measure employee performance.This process of measuring performance is run in collaboration with HR & the concerned department whereby each employee is evaluated on occasional basis & in case the performance is above expectations they are instantly rewarded, however in other circumstances of less than par performance there are no punishments such as demotions, salary cuts etc but they are warned in writing, if this does non improves their performance they are again given a second letter in writing which is the last inform they get for improvements. APPRAISAL METHODS- Telenor uses assorted appraisal methods most common ones are ?Ongoing Feedback ? 360Degree Feedback PAY complex body part- The pay expression of Telenor is kept confidential. They dont provide much information regarding their pay structure. The limited information that was provided to us was that including the basic pay. They are also given bonuses, fuel, and advance in case of emergency. Telnor provides it employees with increments on annual basis. The factors that are kept in consideration during increments are the inflation rate of the country, the kind of lying-in the employees have performed and the kind of experience or position the employees hold.All these factors ensure that they dont take on any salary compression problem in their work setting. They also go bad the pay structure of their competitors & if they see any changes they also work out their basic pay structures accordingly. Measures are also interpreted to keep an internal equity among various jobs in the organization. However what we have analyzed during the whole insurance coverage process is that they are paying comparatively higher than the industry. JOB SAFETY PROGRAMS- Telenor provides certain job recourse programs such as Smoke free environments there are certain areas called Smoking room where people can smoke. Smoking inside the baron is strictly prohibited. ? Fire Equipment Fire alarms are installed in various places and people are given didactics to operate them. ? Emergency Bell the employees are made acquainted(predicate) with the emergency bell, which will ring in case of earthquake or any other matter. vigorous WORK ENVIRONMENT- Telenor is resp onsible for supporting a functional environment characterized by high job-satisfaction, opportunities for individualal and professional development, and low rate of sick leave and injuries.Telenors managers are responsible for establishing effective arrangements to cite and eliminate or control work-related hazards and risks, and promote health at work. These arrangements are organized, planned, implemented and evaluated with employee participation. Telenor has found a Health, Safety and Working Environment (HSE) vigilance System to ensure that the effort to develop and maintain a good running(a) environment is an ongoing process throughout the Telenor Group. TELENOR EMPLOYEES STRATEGIES TO MOVE UP ON collective outpouring -Most employees want to move the corporate ladder and is the responsibility of manager how they head up them. They help to choose the right course. They subscribe to the employees about their line of achievement and they also learn the employees acco rding to their job. CAREER PLANNING PROCESS AT TELENOR- An on going process preparing, implementing and monitoring race plans undertaken by the individual totally or in concern with the organizations course systems. The practice of organisational career planning involves concerning an individuals career aspirations with the opportunities available in an organization.If a career management is successful, the individual and the organization must assume an equal share of responsibilities for it . The individual must identify his or her aspiration and abilities and through counseling, mark what formulation and development are required for a particular career path. Long endpoint career planning focalisationes on Core Workplace Skills such as communications (verbal and written), critical and creative thinking, teamwork and team building, listening, social, problem-solving, decision-making, inter individualal, project management, planning and organizing, com hurler/technology, and commitment to continuous/lifelong learning.Telenor instruction on short condition and long term career planning- SHORT-TERM CAREER PLANNING Short-term career plan focuses on a time vomit ranging from the coming year to the next year. For a short term career planning Human resource department with the help of HR manager focuses on interest exercises- 1. Analyze likes and dislikes- They enjoy nurture programs, companys quarterly/annual meetings and dinning, field and international traveling etc. Every single corporate decision is taken after a consultation with all relevant departments. 2. Analyze Passion-Analyze passion reflects on times and situations in which they feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged. 3. Analyze strengths and Weakness- In this analyze work experience, education, bringing up, skill development, talent and abilities, skillful knowledge, and personal characteristics. 4. Analyze Definition of success- Success comes to those who make it kick the bucket not to those who let it happen It mean spend some time on knowing how they define success. What is success in their point of view such as wealth, power, control and contentment? 5. Analyze Personality-They prefer young, bachelors, soft spoken, aplomb minded, found of traveling ,excellent team player/leader, down to earth and definitely educated etc In each department they seek an individual who is a good intellectual. LONG-TERM CAREER PLANNING- Long term career planning usually involves a planning of five years or longer and involves a full(a)er set of guidelines and preparation. Long range career planning should be more about identifying and developing lens nucleus skill that employees will always value while developing personal and career goals in broad strokes.Like HR department has its own plan that how to develop managers and leaders for tomorrow. They have strongly plans to develop individuals who can look after several different regions while sitting in Islamaba d office (Head office). Similar opportunities and case studies are offered to such members to gauge their skills and interests. Beside this an emphasis is also on providing knowledge of all related and relevant things that whitethorn help in their future jobs. USEFUL TOOLS /RESOURCES OF CAREER PLANNING AT TELENOR- These are the slits that use for career planning at Telenor- . Career judgement tools- They have a accrual of best self estimate tools, designed to give a better idea to their employees to analyze attitudes and interests as they relate to possible career choices. Employees are welcomed to share their classified information with HR department and seek professional solutions for their work-related problems. For example the major tool they used for self assessment are workbooks and workshops and for organizational assessment major tools are performance appraisal, succession planning. . Career change resources Some tools and resources specially established for jobseekers c ontemplating a career change. For example I f an employee want to change his career from IT professional to HR person they are provided opportunity for job shadowing. Employees actual moves between few departments he likes work therefrom a few days and then finalizes with relevant head of departments and HR manger to switch to special department. 3. Career exploration resources-They give their employees opportunity to find some great resources designed to help them in order to learn more about different jobs, careers and career exploration. 4. Transferable skills The concept of a assignable skill is a vital job search technique that all the job- seekers should master, through the concept is in particular important for career changers and college students. For example each member involved in any type of educational activity is held responsible to transfer all these skills to a next person. 5. Workplace value assessment-The assessment tool is used to better understand the core va lues of the employees working in organization and also analyze what the employees want in their jobs, and career. For example make their employees to fill the required details of all kind of national and international training in the event feed back forms then the management able to know the learning objectives of employees which they want further in their careers. Telenor offers exciting and challenging careers with competitive pay, excellent benefits and exceptional publicity opportunities.Telenor care their employees and provide them with a relaxed and enriching working environment. Telenor training and further education programs ensure a high professional standard amongst our employees. Telenor believe that a talented and loyal workforce plays a crucial determination in the organizations ongoing business success. Telenors management and organization is imbued with joint values. The Group anxiety has devised five leadership requirements that apply to all managers in the Group, and all management groups shall discuss what these requirements mean to them.The demands are Passion for business Change and constant renewal Operational excellence Empower people rightfulness information & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES reproduction- The process for providing employees with particularized skills or helping those correct deficiencies in their performance. ? breeding is the systematic process of altering the behavior of employees in a direction that will achieve the organization goals. education is related to present job skills and abilities. It has a current orientation and helps employees master specific skills and abilities exigencyed to be successful. A formal training program is an effort by the employees to provide opportunities for the employee to study job related skills, attitude and knowledge. ? Learning is the act by which the individual meet skills, knowledge and abilities that gist ion a relatively permanent change in his /her behavior. TRAINING M ETHODS- I There are to types of training methods. 1. On the job training 2. Off the job training 1. On the job training- It includes job rotations apprenticeship, understudy assignment and formal mentoring program. 2.Off the job training- Off the job training includes- ? Seminar ? Lectures ? Conferences ? Workshops TELENOR TRAINING METHODS- In Telenor training methods include- 1. Class room lectures- It conveys technical, personal and problem solving skills and also demonstrates their technical skill by film and videos. 2. Simulation exercise- It includes actual performance, case analysis, and experimental exercises, role performing and group interaction. 3. Vestibule cultivation- It includes learning tasks on the same equipment but in a phony work environmentGOALS OF TRAINING- These are the goals of training 1. gentility Validity Did the trainees learn skills or acquire knowledge or abilities during the learning. 2. Transfer Validity- Did the knowledge, skill, abilities learned in training lead to improved performance on the job? 3. Inter organizational validity Can a training program that has been validate in one organization be used successfully in another firm? sign OF TRAINING- Following are the types of training that are commonly used in general in any organization. 1. SKILLS TRAINING-It includes basic literacy skills, technical skills, and interpersonal skills and problem solving skills. 2. Cross functional Training- It involves training employees to perform operation in areas other than their assigned job. 3. Creativity Thinking It is based on assumption that creativity can be learned 4. Literacy Training- It involves the mastery of basic skills reading, writing, arithmetic and their uses in problem solving. 5. Diversity Training- Diversity training program are designed to teach heathenish differences and how to respond to these in work place. . Crisis Training- It involves preparing employees with tragedies, crashes and workplace violence etc. 7. node Service Training- It include provide customer service to give the employee the skills they need to meet and exceed customer expectation. TELENOR TYPES OF TRAINING- Training shared into two parts- 1. Technical Training- Technical training is conducting whenever they introduces new final cause so that they train their employees about the usage of this new scheme. 2. Non Technical Training- This training is further divided into two partsIT Based Training- This training relates to equipment and technology Non IT based Training- Non IT based training is also divided in two section in first section Management training, colloquy training, Teams training, Group training is given to employees. And in second section is consisting of launch scheme training, Price training, Customer training. DEVELOPMENT- An effort to provide with the abilities the organization will need in the future. Diagnostic steps in development program CRITERIA FOR TRAINING VERSUS DEVELOPMENT- Training Developme nt Focus veritable job Current and future job Scope Individual employees Work group or organization Time frame Immediate employees Long term Goal Fix current skill eficit Prepare for future work demands Their scope of training is on individual employees such as the training of HR manager where as scope of development is on the entire workgroup like sales group working in their steal departments or other groups in their organization. Their training is job precise and addresses particular performance defects or problems, where as development is concerned with the work forces skills and versatility. Their training tends to focus on immediate organizational needs while development tends to focus on long term requirements.The goal of training is a fairly quick improvement in workers performance their main aim is to satisfy their customer as well as for this purpose they train their employees and spend huge amount on their training for this they focus on the immediate organization needs. Whereas the goal of development is the overall enrichment of the organizations human resources Training strongly influences present performance levels, while development pays off in terms of more capable and flexible human resources in the long run.Their highly tailored approach to training ensures that their employees enjoy addd performance, achieve higher levels of customer delight and more motivated and committed towards their work. RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND CAREER- There is specific description of HR manager responsibilities that are associated after conducting evaluation with respect to career development. Assessment- impelling preparation of performance development plans, for their employees, requires the ability to assess the needs of the employee and the organization.Employee may develop own skills in this area by attending the course, Enhancing Career and Organizational Options, offered by Staff Education and Development on job. Help their emplo yees to set career goals that are consistent with their skills, knowledge, experience and interests by providing feedback based on notices and assessment of their abilities, readiness and potential. The assessment should be based on managers actual experience and observation of employee performance and behavior rather than on assumptions and personal biases.Providing Information- HR manager will support career development when he informs an employee about options for and possible barriers to career movement. For example, he may tell his employees about upcoming positions or openings for which they may be qualified, or about budgetary constraints which may inhibit career options or development opportunities in the unit or department Referral- Refer employees to others who can assist them in achieving development goals.It is the responsibility of HR manager, to be aware of the appropriate referral sources both within and outside of the department. He may refer employees to books, jou rnals, professional associations or other sources of information. He may also put them in touch with people who might be willing to serve as mentors or with those who might provide an information interview in which employees can learn more about a field or position from someone who is currently working in that area or capacity. Guidance- Encourage employees to focus on clear, specific and attainable career goals.Share knowledge and experience with employees. Typical questions employees have are 1) What is required to move to the next logical position? 2) What are the chances for advancement in this department? 3) How to be mobile within the company? 4) What is the difference between a promotion and an upward reclassification? 5) Who to contact for further information or career counseling. Provide guidance to employees about steps they might take to improve existing skills and knowledge or develop in new functional areas. Develop-HR manager support employee development when he assign s employees roles or tasks which dispute them and provide the opportunity to grow. Base decisions about development options and opportunities on a careful assessment of the employees readiness to accept additional or new responsibilities or challenges. Provide on-the-job training and refer employees to classes, workshops, and other learning and development opportunities, and recommend employees to serve on committees, task forces or cross-functional teams. end point-As Telenor one of the best cellular organization, thus it is very difficult to for me give recommendations to them. They continuous review their strategies and make adjustments according to their requirements. They follow almost all norms of efficient working environment and at the heart of it lies the HRM department that manages people very effectively. The HRM departments make programs like performance development planning, which ensures that the employees learn the skills are necessary to achieve the organizational goals.Other then that, they also want employees to put up suggestions for training needs. These way employees evaluate themselves and ask for training if they feel any deficiency. They have also discussed the career path from both perspective organizational point of view and individual point of view. subsequently informal chat with the employees we come across that they are satisfied with their work, working environment, salary, incentives and the behavior of top management. In my point of view Telenor is the best company providing services to their customers.But few things like long working hours and working even on public holidays and fear of monotonous job is one of the greatest challenge which HR department need to meet in coming years. After analyzing I came to know that the training they provided to their employees is satisfactory after informal chat with some employees I realize that employees are happy and satisfied with their current job status and also they are able to h andle all the tasks given to them because they trained in such a manner that they become the master of all traits thats why they slow handle every new challenge and complicated projects.Their performance appraisal is directly wed with the career of their employees and thats why after evaluating it will be helpful for employees that HR manager properly guide them in order to set career goals that are consistent with their skills, knowledge, experience and interests by providing feedback based on observations and assessment of their abilities, readiness and potential. By this employees get to know where they stand right now and what are their strengths and weaknesses through which they get the opportunity to know the possible movements in their careers.They are also triumphant in order to keep the motivational level of their employees and thats why turnover rate is tremendously low as compare to other companies because they give appropriate incentives to their employees, provide the m such type of friendly environment so that employees themselves motivated towards their work and provide their employees full opportunity to develop their career. In this way Telenor organization guide their employees how they move up on corporate ladder. RECOMMENDATION ON TELENOR- ? The company should increase the number of intakes for the management trainee programs and also for internships.This would help students from all over the country who want to be a part of this transnational to learn from their practices. On the other hand, the organization will get more people to assist them. ? There should no biasness at all because due to this the conflicts are not to solve but it will increase so it should better,do not iterfere any personel matters of others but try to understand each and every one should live equality. other so that they would exactly know what are the deficiencies in the current employees and what are the areas that they will have to focus on for training. Job rot ation is not effectively used by the organization as a tool which would help employee learning and growth. Other then the management trainee program, the tool is not used anywhere else. Thus, restricting the employees in their own departments and with their own works and limiting their understanding about the whole works of other departments and jobs. ? Frequent postings to different lieus within the country creates dissatisfaction among the employees. The organization must recruit employees from the same location where the vacancy is from.Recruiting the employee from different city and then placing him in other city would decrease employees job satisfaction. ? colloquy trainings and tests should conduct by the company for the betterment of the Company and the employees. ? The Company should be flexible in recruiting the person because no one is perfect in this world so he should be up to the mark and have ability to fulfil the requiments of the Company. STRATEGIES OF MINE THAT H OW I MOVE UP ON CORPORATE LADDER IN ORGANIZATION- If I want to move on a corporate ladder that means firstly I will decide my career planning.CAREER PLANNING PROCESS- The decision that how I will spend my working life is critically important. To manage my work/life effectively, i need to understand What I am, what options I have, how I can get to where I want to go. I may not be able to control all the circumstances that impact upon my life, but I can influence the direction my life is going, and I can make decisions that are right for me. Managing your career is not a one-time event it is continuous cycle of personal development. As goals are reached, new goals are established and development continuous in new direction.There are several steps in process, as illustrated below- Steps Of Career Planning Process-pic Step 1- Determine where I want to go- In first step managing my career I will know myself, an important part of this self insight knows where i want to go in career. Why d o I comply the work and the life I do? In short in this step I will identify the interests, values, and skills that already have and which allow me to contribute productively to my workplace. This will help me to see more clearly which competencies and life interests I want to continue to use in a work setting and those i may want to develop further.This self- reflection will guide me in determining career goals that are a good fit. Step 2-Identify my strength and development areas In this step I will identify my strength and areas of development. It will enable me to receive input from my manager, peers, people, and other colleagues on the leadership competencies deemed critical to the provincial service. Step3- Make a career development plan- In this step I will create my career development plan. Completing the plan will help me make the link between my career goals and the development that will help me move toward the achievement of my goals.Based on my prehistorical performanc e, strengths and career goals, I will prioritize my areas for development. I will identify what type of opportunities will pose my development areas and explore how to access these opportunities. Step 4- Getting closer to your goals- For many individuals, their career goal involves moving into a new position. Success in getting a job externally or within government is largely determined by gaining entry to the interview and then interviewing well. Good resumes are ital to getting an interview and strong interview skills are a must in selling the match between your qualifications and the job requirements. This workshop will provide you with the necessary skills to compete effectively for job opportunities. CONCLUSION- According to me, Be a leader, generate different ideas, be willing to hard work, face challenging jobs , loyal to organization, colleagues, boss and also loyal to yours self that is the method of moving up on corporate ladder. QUESTIONAIRES FROM HR MANAGER OF TELENOR - Q1) Do have career Planning strategy in your organization?Q2) what are the objectives of career planning and management in your organization? Q3) Do you have careered planning strategy in your organization? Q4) Do you assessment/ development centers in organization? Q5) How do you manage individual versus organization related to career development? Q6) Do you think career development is valuable for organization and employees? Q7) How do you make the training plan? Q8) What are the key difficulties and challenges faced by your organization in achieving the career development strategies /objective?Q9)In your estimation are you achieving the desired objectives of career development. BIBLIOGRAPHY- www. telenor. com. pk www. altavista. com. pk www. google. com. pk Telenor ideas that simplify Telenor to create value for the customer by providing quality services affordable price. Training Technical Non-Technical Product Specific IT Based Training Non-IT Based Training Work analysis note Questionnaires Performance review Critical incident Management training Communication training Teams training Group trainingSales training Brand training Price training Customer training Determines behavior needed to perform work and performance standard. take apart work requirements, specifications and changes in work Organizational analysis Discussion Rewards Analysis of meetings Review goals, mission and strategic plan Determine short and long term goal of the organization. Human resource analysis Observation Records Critical incidents Develop behavior objectives to be accomplished through development programs. Objectives to be used in evaluation of success of program.